Patterns of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in different anatomical sites among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users in Brazil.

BACKGROUND: The presence of untreated sexually transmitted infections (STIs) significantly increases the chance of acquiring HIV. In Brazil, testing for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) and Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) among Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users is insufficient, and syndromic treatment is a priority in clinical practice. Multi-site testing for CT/NG improves thescreening of asymptomatic cases and ensures timely treatment. Therefore, it is essential for HIV prevention. This study aims to test the importance of two-site testing for better screening of these pathogens and to determine whether the presence of symptoms is an indicator of CT/NG infection. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in four public infectious diseases clinics in São Paulo State, Brazil between January of 2022 and March of 2023. All participants had an anal swab and a first-pass or mid-stream urine collected for CT/NG analysis by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Data about sociodemographic, sexual behavioural and clinical aspects were collected. Pathway analysis was used to examine the direct and indirect relationships between variables according to the theoretical model. RESULTS: We screened 171 PrEP users which had two samples collected, resulting in 342 samples. Comparing the anatomic sites, the urine samples showed lower sensitivity for CT and NG than anal samples. Gonorrhoea was directly linked to lower age (ß= -0.161, p = 0.001). Time of PrEP use was directly associated with CT infection (ß = 0.202; p = 0.042) and inversely associated with dysuria (ß= -0.121, p = 0.009). Lower occurrence of yellow-green secretion was linked to detection of CT (ß= -0.089, p = 0.005) and NG (ß= -0.048, p = 0.002) infections. Foul-smelling discharge was directly associated with CT (ß = 0.275, p = 0.004) and NG (ß = 0.295, p = 0.037) infection. CONCLUSION: The symptoms are a bad indicator of CT and NG infection, and the screening must be done in more than one site since most of the positive results would be missed if only urines were tested. In the case of testing only one anatomical site, specifically the urethra, the CT/NG incidence and prevalence would be underestimated. The two-sites testing improves detection rates of CT/NG, and PrEP follow-up benefits people offering STI testing.

Contribuciones de tecnologías digitales para la seguridad de pacientes en el contexto hospitalario / Contribuições das tecnologias digitais para a segurança do paciente no contexto hospitalar / The Digital Technologies' Contributions to Patient Safety in the Hospital Setting

Introducción: La seguridad del paciente contribuye a reducir el riesgo de daños innecesarios en los cuidados de salud con un mínimo aceptable. La promoción del cuidado seguro es favorecida por la de las tecnologías digitales en las prácticas de salud. Objetivo: Analizar las contribuciones de las tecnologías digitales y las metas para la promoción de la seguridad del paciente en el contexto hospitalario. Métodos: Revisión integradora realizada en las bases CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS y IBECS, con la adopción de la estrategia PICo y clasificación del nivel de evidencia. La muestra incluye 13 estudios primarios, sin delimitación temporal, seleccionados en portugués, inglés y español, que cumplían con el objetivo, los criterios de inclusión. La gestión de los resultados se realizó en el software Endnote Web. La recopilación de datos se produjo entre octubre y diciembre de 2019. Fueron utilizados los descriptores en Ciencia de la salud (DeCS) y Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) en las estrategias de búsqueda utilizadas en cada base de datos. El análisis de los resultados se dio de forma descriptiva. Conclusión: Las tecnologías digitales favorecieron la seguridad del paciente hospitalizado, que resultó en la comunicación adecuada, gestión de riesgos, reducción de costos y tiempo de servicio, práctica de medicación segura y registro de eventos adversos(AU)

Introdução: A segurança do paciente objetiva a redução do risco de danos desnecessários aos cuidados de saúde para um mínimo aceitável e, a promoção do cuidado seguro é favorecida pela incorporação das tecnologias digitais nas práticas de saúde. Objetivo: Analisar as contribuições das tecnologias digitais e as metas para a promoção da segurança do paciente no contexto hospitalar. Métodos: Revisão integrativa realizada nas bases CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS e IBECS, com adoção da estratégia PICo e classificação do nível de evidencia. A amostra incluiu 13 estudos primários, sem delimitação temporal, selecionados em português, inglês e espanhol, que atendiam ao objetivo, aos critérios de inclusão e exclusão e o gerenciamento dos resultados foi realizado no software Endnote Web. A coleta de dados ocorreu entre outubro e dezembro de 2019. Foram utilizados os Descritores em Ciências da Saúde (DeCS) e os Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) nas estratégias de busca empregadas em cada base de dados. A análise dos resultados ocorreu de forma descritiva. Conclusão: As tecnologias digitais favoreceram a segurança do paciente hospitalizado, resultando na comunicação adequada, gerenciamento de riscos, redução de custos e tempo de atendimento, prática de medicação segura e registro de eventos adversos(AU)

Introduction: Patient safety contributes to reducing the risk of unnecessary harm in healthcare at a minimally acceptable level. The promotion of safe care is favored by the promotion of digital technologies in healthcare practices. Objective: To analyze the contributions of digital technologies and the goals for the promotion of patient safety in the hospital setting. Methods: Integrative review carried out in the CINAHL, Web of Science, MEDLINE, LILACS and IBECS databases, with the use of the PICO strategy and classification of the level of evidence. The sample includes thirteen primary studies selected without temporal delimitation and written in Portuguese, English and Spanish, related with the set objective and meeting with the inclusion criteria. The outcomes were processed in the EndNote Web software. Data collection took place between October and December 2019. The Health Science Descriptors (DeCS) and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) were part of the search strategies used in each database. The outcomes were analyzed descriptively. Conclusion: Digital technologies favored the safety of hospitalized patients, which resulted in adequate communication, risk management, cost and service time reduction, safe medication practice, as well as in adverse event recording(AU)